Census 1971 defintion

A - E

Adults aged 15 or over in household

Age is the completed years of age at the census date and was calculated from the date of birth given in reply to question 32 on the household form or question 2 on the personal form. The question was

Write the date of birth of the person.

Day Month Year

A household (equivalent to the term private household used in recent censuses) is either one person living alone, or a group of persons (who may or may not be related) living at the same address with common housekeeping. Persons staying temporarily with the household are included. A boarder having at least one meal a day with the household counts as a member of the household (breakfast counts as a meal for this purpose); but a lodger taking no meals with the main household counts as a separate one-person household, even if he shares kitchen and bathroom. A group of unrelated persons sharing a house or flat would count as one or as several households according to whether they maintained common housekeeping or provided their own meals separately. It was the enumerator’s responsibility to ascertain how many households were present at a given address and to obtain a completed household form from each: his conclusions were not amended in the Census Offices except that in the case of more than one household sharing a single room or sharing a caravan such households were amalgamated to form a single household.

Age

Age of dependent children

Age is the completed years of age at the census date and was calculated from the date of birth given in reply to question 32 on the household form or question 2 on the personal form. The question was

Write the date of birth of the person.

Day Month Year

Dependent children: are ddldren in families who are either: (a) under 15 years of age. or

(b) under 25 years of age and classified as student (that is, if present at address of enumeralion on census night answering to question B8 on the household form, or if absent having ‘Student' entered in reply to question C4 which asked for particulars of the job held in the week before Census for absent persons).

Amenities

Household amenities are cookers or cooking stoves, kitchen sinks, fixed baths or showers, hot water supplies and flush toilets. Information about the possession of these and the extent to which they were shared by other households, and whether toilets were available inside or outside was obtained from answers to question A5. The question was:

Has your household the use of the following amenities on these premises?

3.

A cooker or cooking stove with an oven

A kitchen sink permanently connected to a water supply and a waste

Pipe

A fixed bath or shower permanently connected to a water supply and a waste pipe

A hot water supply (to a washbasin, or kitchen sink, or bath, or shower) from a heating appliance or boiler

which is connected to a piped water

Simply A flush toilet (WC) with entrance inside the dwelling

A flush toilet (WC) with entrance outside the dwelling

1 [:1 YES - for use only by this household

2 [3 YES for use also by another household 3 III NO

1 [3 YES — for use only by this household

2 [:1 YES — for use also by another household 3 III N0

1 E] YES - for use only by this household

2 U YES — for use also by another household 3 D NO

1 [:1 YES - for use only by this household

2 E] YES — for use also by another household

BEINO

1 '3 YES — for use only by this household

2 U YES — for use also by another household 3 [:1 NO

YES * for use only by this household

2 D YES — for use also by another household

The answers to questions A521 and A5b on the sharing of cookers, or cooking stoves, and sinks, were used in the classification of type of household space.

Some additional notes on the amenities questions were provided to the enumerator in 1971 to assist him when asked for advice. These were briefly:

kitchen sink: a wash hand basin should not be counted

hot water supply: geyser over a sink etc counts but not a copper from which water has to be transferred by hand to the sink, bath etc.

flush toilet: any toilet which can be flushed into a sewer, cesspit etc should be counted, even if the cistern is temporarily broken.

Householders who omitted part e (inside flush toilet) or part f (outside flush toilet) while answering ‘Yes’ to the other part, were assumed not to have the omitted amenity. If more than one answer was given to any part of the question, the lowest-numbered answer

was accepted, that is exclusive use before shared was used for classification and shared use before no use.

Car ownership

Tables were produced analysing households by the number of cars and vans available for use by household members from the answers given to question A4. The question was

How many cars and vans are normally available for use by you or members of your household(other than visitors)?

Include any provided by employers if normally available for use by you or members of your household, but exclude vans used solely for the carriage of goods.

If None, write ‘NONE’.

Children ever born

The variable records the number of children ever born to females in private households where the married females were aged 16 to 59.
The number children included those who were not present in the household at the Census and those who died before the Census.
The number of children was recorded per 100 married females

Country of birth

A person’s country of birth was obtained from the answer given to question B9 on the household form, or question 9 0n the personal form. The question was asked in respect of all enumerated persons. The question (B9) was
a If the person was born in England or Wales or Scotland or Northern Ireland tick the appropriate box.
b If the person was born in another country, write the name of the country (using the name by which it is known today) and the year in which the person first entered the United Kingdom (that is England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland).
a Born in
England
Scotland
Wales (including Monmouthshire)
Northern Ireland
or b born in (country) and entered UK in (year)

Classification of country of birth
For the classification of country of birth the United Kingdom has been taken to include Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man as well as England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland; Guernsey has been taken to include all the Channel Islands other than Jersey.
Persons born outside the United Kingdom as defined above, are divided into visitors to the United Kingdom and residents in the United Kingdom.

Visitors to the United Kingdom are persons whose usual address is outside the United Kingdom, as defined above.
Note: an entry of ‘Visitor’ in answer to question B5 on the household form (asking for relationship of each person to the head of the household) is not used to distinguish between visitors and residents.

Residents in the United Kingdom are persons whose usual address is in the United Kingdom, as defined above.
Irish Republic includes cases in which the country of birth was returned as ‘Ireland’, except in tables where these cases are shown separately as Ireland (part not stated).

The Old Commonwealth consists of Australia, Canada and New Zealand.
The New Commonwealth is the Commonwealth outside the United Kingdom and Old
Commonwealth as at 1971; the term New Commonwealth in the tables therefore includes Pakistan.
The New Commonwealth is subdivided into:
Africa — Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Rhodesia, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and other African Commonwealth (including Ascension Island, Botswana, British Indian Ocean Territories, Gambia, Lesotho, Mauritius, Seychelles, St Helena, Swaziland and Tristan da Cunha);

America Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago and other and unspecified countries in America (including Bahama Islands, Barbuda, Bermuda, British Honduras, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Leeward Islands, Redonda, Turks and Caicos Islands, Windward Islands and West Indies (so stated));

Asia and Oceania — Ceylon, Cyprus (see note after Europe below), Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Pakistan (as constituted in 1971), Singapore and other countries in Asia and Oceania (including Brunei and all Commonwealth islands in the Pacific, not elsewhere mentioned);

Europe Gibraltar, Malta and Gozo. (in the Household Composition tables Cyprus was included in Europe New Commonwealth.)
The following terms are also used to describe sub-divisions of the New Commonwealth:
Far East - Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei and all Commonwealth Islands in the Pacific not elsewhere classified;
West Indies — Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago. Note that Commonwealth birthplaces in unspecified parts of the Caribbean (including West Indies (so stated)) have been included under other and unspecified New Commonwealth countries in America. (In the Advance Analysis the term West Indies included all New Commonwealth countries in the Americas.)
Foreign countries are all countries outside the United Kingdom (as defined above), Irish
Republic (including Ireland (part not stated)), Old Commonwealth and New Commonwealth.
European Economic Community: it was not possible to distinguish between the German Federal Republic and the German Democratic Republic. The term EEC or European Economic Community is therefore used for the Community as at census date but including the whole of Germany, (that is Belgium, France, Germany (GF R and GDR), Italy, Luxembourg and The Netherlands).

Communal establishment

In addition to the persons in households people were enumerated in a variety of nonprivate establishments (equivalent to non-private households) such as hotels, boarding houses, hospitals, mental homes, homes for old people, children’s homes, boarding schools, prisons, armed forces establishments, ships, hostels, religious communities and the like.

Generally the distinguishing characteristic is some form of communal catering and households enumerated on H forms with whom there were five or more boarders (or patients, foster children, lodgers or non-domestic employees) on census night were notcounted as households but counted under the appropriate class of non-private establishments.

Dependent children in household

Dependent children: are ddldren in families who are either: (a) under 15 years of age. or

(b) under 25 years of age and classified as student (that is, if present at address of enumeralion on census night answering to question B8 on the household form, or if absent having ‘Student' entered in reply to question C4 which asked for particulars of the job held in the week before Census for absent persons).

A household (equivalent to the term private household used in recent censuses) is either one person living alone, or a group of persons (who may or may not be related) living at the same address with common housekeeping. Persons staying temporarily with the household are included. A boarder having at least one meal a day with the household counts as a member of the household (breakfast counts as a meal for this purpose); but a lodger taking no meals with the main household counts as a separate one-person household, even if he shares kitchen and bathroom. A group of unrelated persons sharing a house or flat would count as one or as several households according to whether they maintained common housekeeping or provided their own meals separately. It was the enumerator’s responsibility to ascertain how many households were present at a given address and to obtain a completed household form from each: his conclusions were not amended in the Census Offices except that in the case of more than one household sharing a single room or sharing a caravan such households were amalgamated to form a single household.

Dwelling/Household occupancy

An occupied dwelling is either a dwelling in which at least one household was enumerated

on census night or a dwelling in which at least one household usually, or occasionally, lived, although absent on census night.

A vacant dwelling is a dwelling which the enumerator recorded as having no household enumerated there on census night, and is neither the usual residence of any absent household, nor is it a dwelling which while not being the usual residence of any household is occupied occasionally by a household.

A vacant household space (other than a vacant dwelling) is the vacant accommodation in a shared occupied dwelling A shared dwelling can consist of occupied household space (in the same sense as when applied to dwelling) and vacant household space.

A household (equivalent to the term private household used in recent censuses) is either one person living alone, or a group of persons (who may or may not be related) living at the same address with common housekeeping. Persons staying temporarily with the household are included. A boarder having at least one meal a day with the household counts as a member of the household (breakfast counts as a meal for this purpose); but a lodger taking no meals with the main household counts as a separate one-person household, even if he shares kitchen and bathroom. A group of unrelated persons sharing a house or flat would count as one or as several households according to whether they maintained common housekeeping or provided their own meals separately. It was the enumerator’s responsibility to ascertain how many households were present at a given address and to obtain a completed household form from each: his conclusions were not amended in the Census Offices except that in the case of more than one household sharing a single room or sharing a caravan such households were amalgamated to form a single household.

Dwelling/Household type

>Household type: households are classified by type according to the answers given for individual members to question B5 on the household form (question 5 on the personal form), or to the corresponding question C1b for absent persons who were usually resident at the address.
(B5) Write ‘HEAD’ for the head of the household and relationship to the head for each of the other persons: for example ‘wife’, ‘son’, ‘daughter-in-law’, ‘visitor’, ‘boarder’, ‘paying guest‘.
Each person in the household was given a two-digit code. The first digit of the code gave the relationship to the head of the household either of that person or of the head of that person’s family and the second digit identified each family in the household separately.
In coding relationships, in-law, step and adopted relationships were treated as blood relationships but foster relationships were not. Thus ‘son-in-law’, ‘adopted son’ and ‘stepson’ were treated as equivalent to ‘son’, but ‘foster-son’ was treated as ‘unrelated’. This practice can result in apparent contradictions; for instance a ‘child’ can be recorded as older than one of its parents.
The following classification by type of household was derived using the codes described above. A shortened form omitting the third level of classification (roman numerals) is used in some tables.

0 No family
(a) One person

(b) Two or more persons
(i) All related in direct descent no other(s)
(ii) Some related in direct descent with other relative(s) only
(iii) Some related in direct descent with other relative(s) and unrelated person(s)
(iv) Some related in direct descent with unrelated person(s) only
(v) All related but none in direct descent
(vi) Some related, (none in direct descent) with unrelated person(s)
(vii) All unrelated persons

1 One family
(a) Married couple, no child(ren), no other(s)

(b) Married couple, no child(ren), with other(s)
(i) With lone ancestor(s), no other(s)
(ii) With lone ancestor(s), and other relative(s) only
(iii) With lone ancestor(s), other relative(s) and unrelated person(s)
(iv) With lone ancestor(s) and unrelated person(s) only
(v) With other relative(s) only (ie no lone ancestor(s))
(vi) With other relative(s) and unrelated person(s)
(vii) With unrelated person(s) only

(c) Married couple with child(ren), no other(s)

(d) Married couple with child(ren), with other(s)
(i)—(vii) as for 1(b) above

(e) Lone parent with child(ren), no other(s)

(f) Lone parent with child(ren), with other(s)
(i)—(vii) as for 1(b) above

2 Two families

(a) Direct descent
(i) No child(ren) of second generation, no other(s)
(ii) No child(ren) of second generation, lone ancestor(s) with or without other(s)
(iii) No child(ren) of second generation, with other(s) but no lone ancestor(s)
(iv) With child(ren) of second generation, no other(s)
(v) With child(ren) of second generation, with lone ancestor(s), with or without other(s)
(vi) With child(ren) of second generation, with other(s) but no lone ancestor(s)

(b) Not direct descent
(i) No child(ren), no other(s)
(ii) No child(ren), lone ancestor(s) with or without other(s)
(iii) No child(ren), with other(s) but no lone ancestor(s)
(iv) With child(ren), no other(s)
(v) With child(ren), with lone ancestor(s) with or without other(s)
(vi) With child(ren), with other(s) but no lone ancestor(s)

3 Three or more families

(a) All direct descent
(i) No child(ren) of second or younger generation, no other(s)
(ii) No child(ren) of second or younger generation, lone ancestor(s) with or without other(s)
(iii) No child(ren) of second or younger generation, with other(s) but no lone ancestor(s)
(iv) With child(ren), no other(s)
(v) With child(ren), with lone ancestor(s) with or without other(s)
(vi) With child(ren), with lone ancestor(s) with or without other(s)

(b) Not all direct descent
(i) With lone ancestor(s) with or without other(s)
(ii) No lone ancestor(s) with or without other(s)

Terms used

Head of household was taken to be the person reported in answer to either question B5 or C1b on the H form as ‘Head’ unless this person was:
(a) under 15 years of age;
(b) not usually resident at the address of enumeration, or;
(c) a resident domestic servant of the household, or a member of such a domestic servant’s family; in which case the first stated resident member over 15 years of age who was not a domestic servant was taken to be head. In the last resort, a resident under 15 years of age was taken as head. No head was identified for households with no persons usually resident at the address or households consisting entirely of domestic servants.

A family consists of

(a) a married couple with or without their never-married child(ren),
or (b) a father or mother together with his or her never-married child(ren),
(c) grandparents (or a lone grandparent) with their grandchild(ren) if there are no parents usually resident in the household.

A family of type (a) is a married couple family and a family of type (b) is a lone parent family. Families of type (c) are classified as appropriate.

The head of a family was taken to be the husband in a married couple family or the lone mother or lone father in a lone parent family.

Persons not in a family are those persons in the household who could not be allocated to a family on the above definition.

A visitor is a person enumerated as a member of the household but who was not usually resident at the address of enumeration (including people with ‘no fixed’ usual residence).

Note: visitors and their families and resident domestic servants and their families are excluded from the count of persons in a household. Details of persons in these categories are given in Tables 13, 14 and 15 of the Household Composition Report. A family code was assigned domestic servants only if the eldest employed member or spouse in a family was a resident domestic servant.

Direct descent: A group of related persons not in a family were regarded as in direct decent if for every possible pair of persons in the group.
either (a) one was the ancestor or descendant of the other by blood, marriage or adoption

or (b) one could be linked to the other by a sequence of such ancestor/descendant relationships involving other members of the group.

Similarly, in households consisting of more than one family, any two families were described as two families, direct descent, if one family contained a descendant (that is child, grandchild or great grandchild by blood, adoption or marriage) of a member of the other family. This ancestor descendant link could span more than one generation, and other families or individuals could lie on the line of descent between the two families so linked.

Lone ancestor: this was a person not in a family who was an ancestor of the head of the household or of his or her spouse, or of the direct descendants of head of the household. The latter case includes those households when the lone ancestor was himself the head of the household. In households with two or more families in direct descent, the lone ancestor had to be an ancestor of a first generation family.

Children: in classifying households by type any never-married child of a family had counts as a child in that family. Grandchildren allocated to their grandparents also count as children.

Other relatives: any related persons, no matter how distant the relationship, is included in this category.

Dependent children: are children in families who are either:
(a) under 15 years of age. or
(b) under 25 years of age and classified as student (that is, if present at address of enumeration on census night answering yes to question B8 on the household form, or if absent having ‘Student' entered in reply to question C4 which asked for particulars of the job held in the week before Census for absent persons).

The size of a family is the number of persons belonging to a family, as defined above, formed from persons given as usually resident in the household. The classification of households into families is such that any one person cannot belong to more than one family.

A husband is the male of a married couple.

A wife is the female of a married couple (not to be confused with housewife - see below).

A mother is the lone parent in a female lone parent family (in Household Composition Analysis only).

The chief economic supporter of a household (CES for short) was selected from those members of the household who were 15 years of age or over and were either the head of the household or related to the head, by applying the following rules.
(a) Employment status is considered first. Those in full-time employment (that is who worked more than 30 hours in the week before the census) or out of employment were selected before those in part-time employment , who in turn were selected before those retired, who in turn were selected before any others.
(b) Among those selected by rule (a) above, position in family was considered next, married men or widowed or divorced persons in families being considered before other members of families or persons not in families.
(c) Among those selected by rules (a) and (b), sex was considered next, males being selected before females.
(d) Among those selected by rules (a), (b) and (c), age was considered next, older persons being selected before younger.

If these rules finally select two or more persons, the person whose name appears first on the form was selected as CES. In the rare cases where the head of household and all related persons were aged under 15 the head was selected as CES.

The housewife is defined as that member of the household, male or female, who is mainly responsible for the household shopping. There was no question on this subject in the census but the following rules were developed for selecting the housewife for each household.

(a) If the head of the household is female she is the housewife.
(b) If the head of the household is a married man, his wife is the housewife.
(c) If the head of the household is a single, widowed or divorced man, or a married man whose wife is not shown as a member of the household then
(i) if there are no females aged 20 or over in the household the head himself is the housewife or
(ii) if there are females aged 20 or over in the household the eldest related member is housewife and if none are related then the eldest female is housewife.

These rules were developed in consultation with interested Government Departments, the Royal Statistical Society, the Market Research Society and the Institute of Practitioners in Advertising.

The number of earners in a household or family is the number, of economically active persons in the household or family.

Density of occupation: this is as defined in 2.3 (p 16) except that for the Household Composition tables the dejure size of household was used as the numerator of the ratio.

Dwellings

Household type: households are classified by type according to the answers given for individual members to question B5 on the household form (question 5 on the personal form), or to the corresponding question C1b for absent persons who were usually resident at the address.
(B5) Write ‘HEAD’ for the head of the household and relationship to the head for each of the other persons: for example ‘wife’, ‘son’, ‘daughter-in-law’, ‘visitor’, ‘boarder’, ‘paying guest‘.
Each person in the household was given a two-digit code. The first digit of the code gave the relationship to the head of the household either of that person or of the head of that person’s family and the second digit identified each family in the household separately.
In coding relationships, in-law, step and adopted relationships were treated as blood relationships but foster relationships were not. Thus ‘son-in-law’, ‘adopted son’ and ‘stepson’ were treated as equivalent to ‘son’, but ‘foster-son’ was treated as ‘unrelated’. This practice can result in apparent contradictions; for instance a ‘child’ can be recorded as older than one of its parents.
The following classification by type of household was derived using the codes described above. A shortened form omitting the third level of classification (roman numerals) is used in some tables.

0 No family
(a) One person

(b) Two or more persons
(i) All related in direct descent no other(s)
(ii) Some related in direct descent with other relative(s) only
(iii) Some related in direct descent with other relative(s) and unrelated person(s)
(iv) Some related in direct descent with unrelated person(s) only
(v) All related but none in direct descent
(vi) Some related, (none in direct descent) with unrelated person(s)
(vii) All unrelated persons

1 One family
(a) Married couple, no child(ren), no other(s)

(b) Married couple, no child(ren), with other(s)
(i) With lone ancestor(s), no other(s)
(ii) With lone ancestor(s), and other relative(s) only
(iii) With lone ancestor(s), other relative(s) and unrelated person(s)
(iv) With lone ancestor(s) and unrelated person(s) only
(v) With other relative(s) only (ie no lone ancestor(s))
(vi) With other relative(s) and unrelated person(s)
(vii) With unrelated person(s) only

(c) Married couple with child(ren), no other(s)

(d) Married couple with child(ren), with other(s)
(i)—(vii) as for 1(b) above

(e) Lone parent with child(ren), no other(s)

(f) Lone parent with child(ren), with other(s)
(i)—(vii) as for 1(b) above

2 Two families

(a) Direct descent
(i) No child(ren) of second generation, no other(s)
(ii) No child(ren) of second generation, lone ancestor(s) with or without other(s)
(iii) No child(ren) of second generation, with other(s) but no lone ancestor(s)
(iv) With child(ren) of second generation, no other(s)
(v) With child(ren) of second generation, with lone ancestor(s), with or without other(s)
(vi) With child(ren) of second generation, with other(s) but no lone ancestor(s)

(b) Not direct descent
(i) No child(ren), no other(s)
(ii) No child(ren), lone ancestor(s) with or without other(s)
(iii) No child(ren), with other(s) but no lone ancestor(s)
(iv) With child(ren), no other(s)
(v) With child(ren), with lone ancestor(s) with or without other(s)
(vi) With child(ren), with other(s) but no lone ancestor(s)

3 Three or more families

(a) All direct descent
(i) No child(ren) of second or younger generation, no other(s)
(ii) No child(ren) of second or younger generation, lone ancestor(s) with or without other(s)
(iii) No child(ren) of second or younger generation, with other(s) but no lone ancestor(s)
(iv) With child(ren), no other(s)
(v) With child(ren), with lone ancestor(s) with or without other(s)
(vi) With child(ren), with lone ancestor(s) with or without other(s)

(b) Not all direct descent
(i) With lone ancestor(s) with or without other(s)
(ii) No lone ancestor(s) with or without other(s)

Terms used

Head of household was taken to be the person reported in answer to either question B5 or C1b on the H form as ‘Head’ unless this person was:
(a) under 15 years of age;
(b) not usually resident at the address of enumeration, or;
(c) a resident domestic servant of the household, or a member of such a domestic servant’s family; in which case the first stated resident member over 15 years of age who was not a domestic servant was taken to be head. In the last resort, a resident under 15 years of age was taken as head. No head was identified for households with no persons usually resident at the address or households consisting entirely of domestic servants.

A family consists of

(a) a married couple with or without their never-married child(ren),
or (b) a father or mother together with his or her never-married child(ren),
(c) grandparents (or a lone grandparent) with their grandchild(ren) if there are no parents usually resident in the household.

A family of type (a) is a married couple family and a family of type (b) is a lone parent family. Families of type (c) are classified as appropriate.

The head of a family was taken to be the husband in a married couple family or the lone mother or lone father in a lone parent family.

Persons not in a family are those persons in the household who could not be allocated to a family on the above definition.

A visitor is a person enumerated as a member of the household but who was not usually resident at the address of enumeration (including people with ‘no fixed’ usual residence).

Note: visitors and their families and resident domestic servants and their families are excluded from the count of persons in a household. Details of persons in these categories are given in Tables 13, 14 and 15 of the Household Composition Report. A family code was assigned domestic servants only if the eldest employed member or spouse in a family was a resident domestic servant.

Direct descent: A group of related persons not in a family were regarded as in direct decent if for every possible pair of persons in the group.
either (a) one was the ancestor or descendant of the other by blood, marriage or adoption

or (b) one could be linked to the other by a sequence of such ancestor/descendant relationships involving other members of the group.

Similarly, in households consisting of more than one family, any two families were described as two families, direct descent, if one family contained a descendant (that is child, grandchild or great grandchild by blood, adoption or marriage) of a member of the other family. This ancestor descendant link could span more than one generation, and other families or individuals could lie on the line of descent between the two families so linked.

Lone ancestor: this was a person not in a family who was an ancestor of the head of the household or of his or her spouse, or of the direct descendants of head of the household. The latter case includes those households when the lone ancestor was himself the head of the household. In households with two or more families in direct descent, the lone ancestor had to be an ancestor of a first generation family.

Children: in classifying households by type any never-married child of a family had counts as a child in that family. Grandchildren allocated to their grandparents also count as children.

Other relatives: any related persons, no matter how distant the relationship, is included in this category.

Dependent children: are children in families who are either:
(a) under 15 years of age. or
(b) under 25 years of age and classified as student (that is, if present at address of enumeration on census night answering yes to question B8 on the household form, or if absent having ‘Student' entered in reply to question C4 which asked for particulars of the job held in the week before Census for absent persons).

The size of a family is the number of persons belonging to a family, as defined above, formed from persons given as usually resident in the household. The classification of households into families is such that any one person cannot belong to more than one family.

A husband is the male of a married couple.

A wife is the female of a married couple (not to be confused with housewife - see below).

A mother is the lone parent in a female lone parent family (in Household Composition Analysis only).

The chief economic supporter of a household (CES for short) was selected from those members of the household who were 15 years of age or over and were either the head of the household or related to the head, by applying the following rules.
(a) Employment status is considered first. Those in full-time employment (that is who worked more than 30 hours in the week before the census) or out of employment were selected before those in part-time employment , who in turn were selected before those retired, who in turn were selected before any others.
(b) Among those selected by rule (a) above, position in family was considered next, married men or widowed or divorced persons in families being considered before other members of families or persons not in families.
(c) Among those selected by rules (a) and (b), sex was considered next, males being selected before females.
(d) Among those selected by rules (a), (b) and (c), age was considered next, older persons being selected before younger.

If these rules finally select two or more persons, the person whose name appears first on the form was selected as CES. In the rare cases where the head of household and all related persons were aged under 15 the head was selected as CES.

The housewife is defined as that member of the household, male or female, who is mainly responsible for the household shopping. There was no question on this subject in the census but the following rules were developed for selecting the housewife for each household.

(a) If the head of the household is female she is the housewife.
(b) If the head of the household is a married man, his wife is the housewife.
(c) If the head of the household is a single, widowed or divorced man, or a married man whose wife is not shown as a member of the household then
(i) if there are no females aged 20 or over in the household the head himself is the housewife or
(ii) if there are females aged 20 or over in the household the eldest related member is housewife and if none are related then the eldest female is housewife.

These rules were developed in consultation with interested Government Departments, the Royal Statistical Society, the Market Research Society and the Institute of Practitioners in Advertising.

The number of earners in a household or family is the number, of economically active persons in the household or family.

Density of occupation: this is as defined in 2.3 (p 16) except that for the Household Composition tables the dejure size of household was used as the numerator of the ratio.

Economic activity

Population covered
All the tables relating to economic activity except table 18 in the County Reports and table 1 in Part 1 of the Economic Activity Volume are based on an analysis of the ten per cent sample of census returns. The two exceptions, which cover the enumerated population aged 15 and over, are based on 100 per cent of the census returns.

The statistics in the tables based on the ten per cent sample refer to people aged 15 and over enumerated in Great Britain who either:
(a) were usually resident in Great Britain, or
(b) had a place of work in Great Britain although usually resident in another country.

Further details concerning the population covered in the census and the concept of usual residence are given in 2.1.

In these tables the following classifications, relating to economic activity, are used:
(a) economic position
(b) occupation
(c) industry
(d) employment status
(e) type of earner, salary or wage
(f) social classes
(g) socio-economic groups and socio-economic classes
(h) hours worked
(i) workplace

In general, tabulations relating to economic position include the whole population aged
15 and over, those relating to social class or socio-economic group and class include the economically active and retired, and those relating to occupation include the economically active, where a geographical breakdown is given it refers to areas of usual residence. Tabulations relating to industry and hours worked normally include persons in employment and where a geographical breakdown is given it refers to areas of workplace. ln cross
tabulations of industry and hours worked by occupation, by social class or by socio-economic class only persons in employment are included and areas of workplace are used. In certain tables only sub-sets of these populations are included and where this is so it is made clear in the table headings.

The following tables do not conform to these general rules:
(a) Table 22 (Economic Activity Volume, Part III): Occupation one year before census by occupation at census, and sex, includes only persons in employment.
(b) Table 34 (Economic Activity Volume, Part IV): Industry by salary/wage earner groups and sex, includes all persons in employment except the armed forces and the self employed.
(c) Table 37 (Economic Activity Volume, Part V) and table 4 (Economic Activity County Leaflets, New Towns Volume and Sub-Regional Volume): Males by area of usual residence and socio-economic class, include only economically active males.
(d) Table 2 (Economic Activity County Leaflets, New Towns Volume and Sub-Regional
Volume) includes only persons in employment, who are analysed by area of workplace.
(e) Table 1 (Economic Activity Volume, Part I), table 18 (County Reports) and tables 1 and 2 (Advance Analysis) are analyses by areas of enumeration.
In some published tables thresholds have been applied, that is details are only tabulated for groups above a certain size; whenever this has been done details are given below the
table heading and unthresholded unpublished versions of the table are available showing all groups.

Economic position

Economic position

This classifies the population into those economically active and those economically inactive and provides data on the numbers of persons in and out of employment. All
people aged 15 or over were classified on the basis of the replies to questions B7 and B8 on the household form, and questions 7 and 8 on the personal return.

The questions were
B7
Did the person have a job last week (the week ended 24 April 1971)? (See note B7)
Tick box 1 if the person had a job even if it was only part-time or if the person was temporarily away from work, on holiday, sick, on strike, or laid off.
If the person did not have a job tick whichever of the boxes 2, 3, 4 or 5 is appropriate, if box 5 is ticked state the reason, for example ‘Housewife’, ‘Student’, ‘Permanently
sick’.
This question need not be answered for children under 15 years of age.
1 [] YES — in a job at some time during the week.
2 [] NO — seeking work or waiting to take up job.
3 [] NO — intending to seek work but sick.
4 [] NO — wholly retired.
5 [] NO — not seeking work for some other reason, namely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B8
Will the person be a student attending full-time at an educational establishment during the term starting April/May 1971? (See note B8)
This question need not be answered for children under 15 years of age.
[] YES
[] NO

These questions were supplemented by the following notes:

B7
Job Last Week
A job means any work for payment or profit. In particular it includes:
(a) work on a person’s own account
(b) part-time work, even if only for a few hours, such as jobbing gardening or paid domestic work
(c) casual or temporary work of any kind (for example seasonal work, week-end work and vacation work by students)
(d) unpaid work in a family business, for example a shop or farm.
Unpaid work, other than in a family business does not count as a job.

B8
Students
Do not count as full-time students people who are,
(a) on day release from work to attend school or college
(b) attending night school only
(c) attending an educational establishment provided by employers, such as an apprenticeship school.

The following categories are distinguished, and are defined as follows:
Economically inactive persons are those who are either:
(a) Retired: that is formerly in employment but no longer seeking it. Housewives and persons engaged on home duties are classified as retired or housewife according to how they were described in the census form;
(b) Students in educational establishments: that is persons who either answered ‘Yes’ to question B8 on the census form or gave ‘Studying’ as a reason for not seeking work in question B7. A person was counted as a student if he would be attending full-time at an educational establishment during the term starting in April or May 1971. (Establishments provided by employers for training workers, such as apprenticeship schools, did not count as educational establishments.) Persons answering ‘Yes’ to question B8 were treated as students even if they had a job in the week before census, but persons with a job on day release did not count as students;
(c) Permanently sick: that is those who stated in reply to question B7 that they were not seeking work because of permanent sickness or disability;
(d) Others economically inactive: that is those persons never in employment or not seeking it. This group includes persons of independent means, housewives and others engaged on unpaid domestic duties, and by convention, trainees in Government training centres and au pair girls. Persons who failed to answer the economic activity questions, and those usually resident at their address of enumeration who gave ‘Inmate’, or a similar term as a reason for not seeking work in answer to question B7, are also included.
People aged 55 and over who were described on the census forms as ‘Students’ were re-classified as others economically inactive; so were people under the age of 35 who were described as ‘Retired‘.

All people aged 15 and over not in the inactive category are in the category of economically active persons; they are sub-divided between those who are in employment and those who are out of employment.
Persons in employment during the week ended 24 April 1971 are those who had a job or worked for pay or profit at any time during the week, including work on own account, part-time work, casual or temporary work and unpaid work in a family business (other unpaid work does not count as employment). Persons temporarily away from work during the week because of holiday, sickness or injury, industrial dispute or temporary lay-off count as in employment if their job is waiting for them on their return. Thus in employment is intended to cover those who had ‘a job’ in the contractual sense irrespective of whether they were actually at work in the week before census, and all others who did work for pay or profit in that week.

Economically active persons out of employment throughout the week ended 24 April 1971 comprise two categories:
(i) Out of employment — sick, that is those persons who were out of work throughout the week and were prevented by temporary sickness or injury from seeking work, and
(ii) Out of employment — other, that is those persons who throughout the week were seeking work or waiting to take up a job already obtained. Persons giving ‘Inmate‘, or a similar term as a reason for not seeking work in answer to question B7 are also included, if they were not usually resident at the address at which they were enumerated (see 2.1 (p6) for concept of usual residence of inmates).

F - J

Family status

A family consists of

(a) a married couple with or without their never-married child(ren),

or (b) a father or mother together with his or her never-married child(ren),

(c) grandparents (or a lone grandparent) with their grandchild(ren) if there are no parents usually resident in the household.

A family of type (a) is a married couple family and a family of type (b) is alone parent family. Families of type (c) are classified as approximate.

Grouped Socio-Economic Group (SEG)

Economically active and retired persons are also assigned by reference to their present or former occupation and employment status to 17 socio-economic groups (SEG’s) and, by further sub-dividing some of these, into 39 socio-economic classes. The classifications aim
to bring together people with jobs of similar social and economic status. The five social classes (of which Social Class Ill is sub-divided into two parts) described above are coter
minous with certain groupings of the 39 socio-economic classes, with one very small qualification.
A list of these socio-economic groups and socio-economic classes is as follows: SEC 1.1 Employers in industry, commerce, etc, — large establishments
(a) Social Class 11 intermediate occupations (b) Social Class 111(N) skilled occupations - non-manual (c) Social Class III(M) skilled occupations manual
(SEG 1.1 (0) Social Class IIl(M) includes very small numbers of persons in Social Classes IV and V)
SEG 1.2 Managers in central and local government, industry, commerce, etc, — large establishments
(d) Social Class I] intermediate occupations (a) Social Class III(N) skilled occupations — non-manual (D Social Class III(M) skilled occupations - manual
SEG 2.1 Employers in industry, commerce, etc, - small establishments
(g) Social Class II intermediate occupations
(h) Social Class 111(N) skilled occupations - non~manual (j) Social Class III(M) skilled occupations w manual
(k) Social Class IV partly skilled occupations
(1) Social Class V unskilled occupations
SEC 22 Managers in industry, commerce, etc, — small establishments
(m) Social Class 11 intermediate occupations
(n) Social Class III(N) skilled occupations — non-manual (0) Social Class III(M) skilled occupations — manual
SEC 3 Professional workers - self-employed
(p) Social Class I professional, etc, occupations SEC 4 Professional workers — employees
(q) Social Class I professional, etc, occupations SEC 5.] Ancillary workers and artists
(r) Social Class II intermediate occupations SEG 5.2 Foreman and supervisors non-manual
(s) Social Class III(N) skilled occupations — non-manual

SEC 6 Junior non-manual workers
(t) Social Class III(N) skilled occupations — non-manual (u) Social Class IV partly skilled occupations
SEC 7 Personal service workers
(v) Social Class [1 intermediate occupations
(w) Social Class III(N) skilled occupations — non-manual (x) Social Class III(M) skilled occupations - manual (y) Social Class IV partly skilled occupations
SEC 8 Foreman and Supervisors — manual
(2) Social Class III(M) skilled occupations — manual SEG 9 Skilled manual workers
(aa) Social Class III(M) skilled occupations — manuai SEC 10 Semi-skilled manual workers
(ab) Social Class IV partly skilled occupations SEG ll Unskilled manual workers
(ac) Social Class V unskilled occupations SEC 12 Own account workers (other than professional)
(ad) Social Class II intermediate occupations
(ae) Social Class III (N) skilled occupations — non-manual (af) Social Class III(M) skilled occupations — manual
(ag) Social Class IV partly skilled occupations
(ah) Social Class V unskilled occupations
SEC 13 Farmers — employers and managers (aj) Social Class II intermediate occupations SEG l4 Farmers -- own account (ak) Social Class II intermediate occupations SEG 15 Agricultural workers (:11) Social Class lll(M) skilled occupations — manual (am) Social Class IV partly skilled occupations
SEG 16 Members of armed forces
SEG i7 Inadequately described occupations
Full details of the allocation of occupations and employment status to social class, socioeconomic group and socio-economic class are given in the appendices to the Classification
of Occupations 1970.

Household composition

Population covered
The statistics in the Household Composition tables are based on the ten per cent sample and refer to the characteristics of households and of persons usually resident in those households at the time of the census. Most of the tables cover usually resident households (see also 2.1 (p 6)). These are:

(a) enumerated households with at least one person normally resident at the address of enumeration (note: the usually resident person(s) need not have been present on census night) and
(b) absent households who returned forms with parts A and C only completed.

Chapter 2.1 (p 10) gives details of the relationship between de jure and enumerated households. Note that the population covered by the Household Composition tables should not be confused with that covered by the Usual Residence tables which give analyses of all enumerated persons according to their usual address as given on the census form for their place of enumeration.

The (de jure) size of a household used in the tables analysing household composition is the number of persons in the household whose usual address was given as the household address in reply to question B4 on the household form (or question 4 on the personal returns from private households), together with persons who usually lived with the household but who were absent on census night (and who were thus entered in part C of the household form). Resident domestic servants and members of resident domestic servants’ families are excluded from the count of persons in a usually resident household.
Households with no known residents are households in which either (a) every person listed on the census form was stated to be usually resident at an address different from the address of enumeration, or (b) all persons usually resident were resident domestic servants or members of their families. An example of the former type is a household which was enumerated while on holiday in temporarily rented accommodation.

Number of persons in the household

This variable records the number of persons in the household.
A household (equivalent to the term private household used in recent censuses) is either one person living alone, or a group of persons (who may or may not be related) living at the same address with common housekeeping. Persons staying temporarily with the household are included. A boarder having at least one meal a day with the household counts as a member of the household (breakfast counts as a meal for this purpose); but a lodger taking no meals with the main household counts as a separate one-person household, even if he shares kitchen and bathroom. A group of unrelated persons sharing a house or flat would count as one or as several households according to whether they maintained common housekeeping or provided their own meals separately. It was the enumerator’s responsibility to ascertain how many households were present at a given address and to obtain a completed household form from each: his conclusions were not amended in the Census Offices except that in the case of more than one household
sharing a single room or sharing a caravan such households were amalgamated to form a single household.
An enumerated household is a household containing at least one enumerated person, that
is with at least one person present on census night, irrespective of whether that person usually lives at the address of enumeration.
An absent household is a household usually resident at an address at which there was no person present on census night. Information about absent households was obtained by the enumerators for addresses for which no return was made and from census forms of which only part A or parts A and C were completed.

Number of rooms in the household

The size of a dwelling or household space is the number of rooms in a dwelling or house
hold space and is derived from the answers given to question A3 on the household forms. The question was

A3
How many rooms are there in your household’s accommodation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Do not count small kitchens less than 6 ft wide, bathrooms and toilets, sculleries not used for cooking, closets, pantries and storerooms, landings, halls, lobbies or recesses, offices or shops used solely for business purposes.

Note A large room divided by a sliding or fixed partition should be counted as two rooms.
A room divided by curtains or portable screens should be counted as one room.
A vacant room-is a room in a vacant household space.

Notes on the rooms counted in previous censuses are given in 3.3. These show that the rooms counted in 1971 included the same types as in the 1966 Sample Census with the exclusion only of small kitchens, but in 1961 kitchens were counted only if they were used regularly for meals, or as living rooms or bedrooms.
The enumerators recorded on the household form the rooms shared between households as the appropriate fraction of a room (that is the number of shared rooms divided by the number of sharing households) for each of the sharing households; this ensured that the count of the total number of rooms in a shared dwelling could be correctly decided. However, in tabulating the number of rooms in household spaces, fractions of a room could not be used easily and the shared rooms were re-allocated to household spaces in the following manner. The number of shared rooms was subtracted from the answer to question A3 and the fractions of the shared rooms added on to give the actual number of rooms occupied by the households; this number could contain a fraction, but the sum of the number of rooms in every household in a dwelling still remained equal to the correct total of rooms in that dwelling. The fractional counts of rooms were then adjusted by rounding some numbers up and others down so as to maintain the correct total of rooms in the dwelling. Whether a number was rounded up or down depended on its position in the list of sharing households recorded in the enumerator’s record book, those at the beginning of the list being rounded up and those at the end being rounded down.

Households in shared dwellings

Those households who share rooms (other than toilets or bathrooms) and/or access space, part or the whole of which is used by at least one of the households to move between the rooms in their household space.

Hours worked

Industry

The allocation of an employed person to an industry is based on the answer to question B15 on the census form. The question, to be answered in respect of the main employment for persons who had a job in the week before the Census or for their most recent job if they were retired or out of work, was as follows:
What was the name and business of the person’s employer (if self-employed, the name and nature of the person’s business)? Give the trading name if one was used.
The following note was given with this question.
Describe the business fully and try to avoid abbreviations or initials. General terms such as ‘manufacturer’, ‘merchant’, ‘agent’, ‘broker’, ‘factor’, ‘dealer’, ‘engineering’, are not enough by themselves and further details should be given about the articles manufactured or dealt in.
For civil servants, local government officers and other public officials give the name of the Government department, local authority or public body and the branch in which they are employed.
For people employed solely in private domestic service write ‘PRIVATE’ in answer to this question.
For members of Armed Forces give arm and branch of service.

K - O

Location of work

Workplace was asked in respect of all person who had a job in the week before the census. The question (B20) was:
What is the full address of the person’s place of work? If the work is carried on mainly at home write ‘AT HOME’.
This was supplemented by the note:
Place of work
For people who do not work regularly at one place or who travel during the course of their work (for example, sales representatives, seamen and some building and transport workers):
(a) if they report daily to a depot or other fixed address give that address: (b) if they do not report daily to a fixed address write ‘NO FIXED PLACE’.
For people such as building workers employed on a site for a long period give the address of the site.
For dock workers give the name and address of the dock or wharf at which they are usually employed.
Persons whose workplace was returned as outside the United Kingdom are included in the analyses of workplace in the Economic Activity tables by treating their usual residence as their workplace. This was also done for persons whose workplace was returned as Northern Ireland although these are not specifically identified in the tables.

Marital status

Marital condition was obtained from the answers to question B6 on the household form or question 6 on the personal 'form. The question (86) was
Write ‘single’, ‘married’, ‘widowed’ or ‘divorced' as appropriate.
If separated and not divorced write ‘married’.
It gives the marital condition at census day. Single persons are persons who have never married (that is spinsters and bachelors). Married persons include those who were separated but not divorced. Widowed persons are those who have not remarried since their spouse died. Divorced persons are those who have not remarried after divorce.

May or may not have children under 5

This variable records whether the person or household has children under 5 years old.

Migration

The census concept of a migrant is based on the statements made in answer to questions B4, B11 and B12 on the household form and 4, 11 and 12 on the personal form concerning the person’s usual address at the time of the 1971 Census, on 25 April 1970 and 25 April 1966.
Questions B4 asked if the address of enumeration was the same as the person’s usual address and, if it was not, for the latter to be stated.
Question Bl I asked for the person's usual address one year before the census if it was different from the usual address on census day.
Question B12 asked for the person’s usual address five years before the census if it was different to the address one year before the census.
A migrant within one year preceding census is a person whose usual address on 25 April 1970 was different to his usual address at the date of the census.
A migrant within five years preceding census is a person whose usual address on 25 April 1966 was different to his usual address at the date of the census.
The statistics in the Migration tables are based on the ten per cent sample of census forms and refer only to those persons classified as migrants. . It should be noted that the form of the definition entails that the following categories of persons moving residence in the year or five years preceding the census are excluded from the count of migrants:
(a) children born after 25 April 1970 (see definition of wholly moving family, p 26)
(b) children born after 25 April 1966 but before 25 April 1970 in tables showing five year migrants (see definition of wholly moving family, p 26)
(c) persons who had emigrated overseas or had died before the census
(d) persons who were absent from home on census night and were not enumerated elsewhere in Great Britain.
In addition the intermediate moves of persons making several successive moves have not been counted. A person’s move has been tabulated as a migration from his usual address one or five years ago direct to his usual address at census date.

Mode of travel to work

This variable records the method of travel to work of people aged 15 and over. The following classification of means of transport was used:
Train (including LT Tube);
Bus (private as well as public);
Car (including van);
Motor Cycle (including motor cycle combination); Pedal Cycle;
On foot and none (including people stating ‘None’ but whose usual address was different from address of workplace);
Other (including people who lived and worked at same address); Public transport (so described); Not stated.
When more than one means of transport was given on the census form the one highest on the above list was taken, for example: car and train, train taken.

Normal residence of visitor

This variable records the usual residence of visitors. Visitors to an area are those persons enumerated in the area whose usual address lies outside the area.

Number of dependent children

This variable records the number of dependent children within a household. Dependent children: are ddldren in families who are either: (a) under 15 years of age. or

(b) under 25 years of age and classified as student (that is, if present at address of enumeralion on census night answering to question B8 on the household form, or if absent having ‘Student' entered in reply to question C4 which asked for particulars of the job held in the week before Census for absent persons).

A household (equivalent to the term private household used in recent censuses) is either one person living alone, or a group of persons (who may or may not be related) living at the same address with common housekeeping. Persons staying temporarily with the household are included. A boarder having at least one meal a day with the household counts as a member of the household (breakfast counts as a meal for this purpose); but a lodger taking no meals with the main household counts as a separate one-person household, even if he shares kitchen and bathroom. A group of unrelated persons sharing a house or flat would count as one or as several households according to whether they maintained common housekeeping or provided their own meals separately. It was the enumerator’s responsibility to ascertain how many households were present at a given address and to obtain a completed household form from each: his conclusions were not amended in the Census Offices except that in the case of more than one household sharing a single room or sharing a caravan such households were amalgamated to form a single household.

Number of rooms

This variable records the number of rooms within a house. The number of rooms in hotels and boarding houses is the number of rooms used by guests or staff and their families for living, eating or sleeping but does not include storerooms, offices, kitchens, bathrooms or closets. The size of a dwelling or household space is the number of rooms in a dwelling or household space and is derived from the answers given to question A3 on the household forms. The question was
A3 How many rooms are there in your household’s accommodation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Do not count
Small kitchens less than 6 ft wide, bathrooms and toilets, sculleries not used for
cooking, closets, pantries and storerooms, landings, halls, lobbies or recesses, offices or shops used solely for business purposes.
Note A large room divided by a sliding or fixed partition should be counted as two rooms.
A room divided by curtains or portable screens should be counted as one room.
A vacant room-is a room in a vacant household space.

One-person households

The variable records the number of one-person households per 1000 private households present, it contains 2 categories, these are:
All households
Pensionable person

P - R

Parents born in New Commonwealth

Parents’ countries of birth
A person’s parents’ countries of birth were obtained from the answers given to question B10 on the household form, or question 10 on the personal form.
B10
Write the country of birth of:
a the person’s father
b the person’s mother
This question should be answered even if the person’s father or mother is no longer alive. (If country not known, write ‘not known’)
Give the name by which the country is known today.
a Father born in (country)
b Mother born in (country)
The countries of birth of the person’s father and mother were classified into broader categories than those used for classifying the person’s own birthplace, since it was likely that the answers would be less accurate. The twelve areas used in the classification of father’s (and mother’s) country of birth were:
United Kingdom (including Jersey, Guernsey and Isle of Man)
Irish Republic (including Ireland part not stated)
Old Common wealth
New Common wealth Africa
New Commonwealth - America
Cyprus, Gibraltar, Malta and Gozo
India
Pakistan
Other countries in Asia and Oceania New Commonwealth Other countries in Europe
Elsewhere
Not stated
The above classification was also condensed to give only five groups, the British Isles (that is the UK and Irish Republic as previously defined), the Old and New Commonwealth separately, elsewhere in the world and country not stated. In some tables persons are
classified into 11 groups according to the countries of birth of their parents in particular combinations of these five groups.

Place of birth (parental origin)

This variable records the country of birth of the person’s father and mother. This question should be answered even if the person’s father or mother is no longer alive.

Population

The enumerated population of an area is the total of persons alive at midnight on 25/26 April 1971 who spent that night with a household, in a non-private establishment, on board a vessel or elsewhere in the area of enumeration. In particular the enumerated population includes people who usually lived elsewhere, including abroad, but who were temporarily staying in the area on census night. Persons away from their usual residence on night work and persons who had travelled overnight were enumerated at the address of the household or non-private establishment which they joined on 26 April provided they had not been recorded as present on a census form elsewhere. Members of the armed forces and mercantile marine outside Great Britain on census night were excluded. Members of foreign or Commonwealth armed forces were included if present in the country on census night, but foreign and Commonwealth naval vessels, and the people on board them, were not enumerated.

Persons present or absent

This variable records whether the person was present or absent on census night. ‘Present’ are the persons who were present in the area they are normally resident in on census night and ‘absent’ are the persons who were not present in the area they are normally resident in on census night.

Persons per room

The density of occupation is the ratio of the number of persons in a household to the number of rooms in that household’s accommodation. (For the Housing tables the number of persons in a household is the number of enumerated persons. However in the Household Composition tables the number of persons in the usually resident household is used to define the density of occupation.) The following classification of density is used:
Over 1.5 persons per room
Over 1 and up to 1.5 persons per room
Over 0.75 and up to 1 person per room
0.5 and over and up to 0.75, person per room
Less than 0.5 person per room.

Private households

A household (equivalent to the term private household used in recent censuses) is either one person living alone, or a group of persons (who may or may not be related) living at the same address with common housekeeping. Persons staying temporarily with the household are included. A boarder having at least one meal a day with the household counts as a member of the household (breakfast counts as a meal for this purpose); but a lodger taking no meals with the main household counts as a separate one-person household, even if he shares kitchen and bathroom. A group of unrelated persons sharing a house or flat would count as one or as several households according to whether they maintained common housekeeping or provided their own meals separately.

Qualifications

Information provided by the enumerated population about qualifications they have obtained since reaching the age of 18; and about any GCE ‘A’ levels or equivalent qualifications (including Ordinary National Certificate, Ordinary National Diploma and the Higher Grade of the Scottish Certificate of Education) they have obtained.

Residence type

Residence type/Status in establishment: for non-private establishments other than defence establishments, civilian ships and miscellaneous communal establishments a distinction is made between staff and other persons. This variable records the residence type as:
(a) All present
(b) Other residents
(c) Resident Staff

Rooms

S - Z

Socio-Economic Group (SEG)

Socio-Economic Group (SEG) of household head

This variable records the socio-economic group (SEG) of the household head.
Economically active and retired persons are also assigned by reference to their present or former occupation and employment status to 17 socio-economic groups (SEG’s) and, by further sub-dividing some of these, into 39 socio-economic classes. The classifications aim
to bring together people with jobs of similar social and economic status. The five social classes (of which Social Class Ill is sub-divided into two parts) described above are coter
minous with certain groupings of the 39 socio-economic classes, with one very small qualification.
A list of these socio-economic groups and socio-economic classes is as follows: SEC 1.1 Employers in industry, commerce, etc, — large establishments
(a) Social Class 11 intermediate occupations (b) Social Class 111(N) skilled occupations - non-manual (c) Social Class III(M) skilled occupations manual
(SEG 1.1 (0) Social Class IIl(M) includes very small numbers of persons in Social Classes IV and V)
SEG 1.2 Managers in central and local government, industry, commerce, etc, — large establishments
(d) Social Class I] intermediate occupations (a) Social Class III(N) skilled occupations — non-manual (D Social Class III(M) skilled occupations - manual
SEG 2.1 Employers in industry, commerce, etc, - small establishments
(g) Social Class II intermediate occupations
(h) Social Class 111(N) skilled occupations - non~manual (j) Social Class III(M) skilled occupations w manual
(k) Social Class IV partly skilled occupations
(1) Social Class V unskilled occupations
SEC 22 Managers in industry, commerce, etc, — small establishments
(m) Social Class 11 intermediate occupations
(n) Social Class III(N) skilled occupations — non-manual (0) Social Class III(M) skilled occupations — manual
SEC 3 Professional workers - self-employed
(p) Social Class I professional, etc, occupations SEC 4 Professional workers — employees
(q) Social Class I professional, etc, occupations SEC 5.] Ancillary workers and artists
(r) Social Class II intermediate occupations SEG 5.2 Foreman and supervisors non-manual
(s) Social Class III(N) skilled occupations — non-manual

SEC 6 Junior non-manual workers
(t) Social Class III(N) skilled occupations — non-manual (u) Social Class IV partly skilled occupations
SEC 7 Personal service workers
(v) Social Class [1 intermediate occupations
(w) Social Class III(N) skilled occupations — non-manual (x) Social Class III(M) skilled occupations - manual (y) Social Class IV partly skilled occupations
SEC 8 Foreman and Supervisors — manual
(2) Social Class III(M) skilled occupations — manual SEG 9 Skilled manual workers
(aa) Social Class III(M) skilled occupations — manuai SEC 10 Semi-skilled manual workers
(ab) Social Class IV partly skilled occupations SEG ll Unskilled manual workers
(ac) Social Class V unskilled occupations SEC 12 Own account workers (other than professional)
(ad) Social Class II intermediate occupations
(ae) Social Class III (N) skilled occupations — non-manual (af) Social Class III(M) skilled occupations — manual
(ag) Social Class IV partly skilled occupations
(ah) Social Class V unskilled occupations
SEC 13 Farmers — employers and managers (aj) Social Class II intermediate occupations SEG l4 Farmers -- own account (ak) Social Class II intermediate occupations SEG 15 Agricultural workers (:11) Social Class lll(M) skilled occupations — manual (am) Social Class IV partly skilled occupations
SEG 16 Members of armed forces
SEG i7 Inadequately described occupations
Full details of the allocation of occupations and employment status to social class, socioeconomic group and socio-economic class are given in the appendices to the Classification
of Occupations 1970.

Head of household was taken to be the person reported in answer to either question B5 or C1b on the H form as ‘Head’ unless this person was:
(a) under 15 years of age;
(b) not usually resident at the address of enumeration, or;
(c) a resident domestic servant of the household, or a member of such a domestic servant’s family;
in which case the first stated resident member over 15 years of age who was not a domestic servant was taken to be head. In the last resort, a resident under 15 years of age was taken as head. No head was identified for households with no persons usually resident at the address or households consisting entirely of domestic servants.

Sex

This variable records the sex of the person as female or male.

Student status

a full time student is a person assigned to the category ‘student in an educational establishment’ in the classification of economic position. That is persons who either answered ‘Yes’ to question 88 on the census form or gave ‘Studying’ as a reason for not seeking work in question B7. A person was counted as a student if he would be attending full-time at an educational establishment during the term starting in April or May 1971. (Establishments provided by employers for training workers, such as apprenticeship schools, did not count as educational establishments.) Persons answering ‘Yes’ to question B8 were treated as students even if they had a job in the week be fore census, but persons with a job on day release did not count as students;

Tenure

The tenure of a household was obtained from the answers to question Al on the household form. The question was A1

How do you and your household occupy your accommodation?
l As an owner occupier (including purchase by mortgagc)
2 By renting it from the Council, New Town, or SSHA
3 As an unfurnished letting from a private landlord or company
4 As a furnished letting
5 In some other way (Please give details, including whether furnished or unfurnished)
Note: if the accommodation is occupied by lease originally granted for more than 31 years, tick ‘owner occupier’.
The five categories of tenure given in the tables are:
(i) Owner occupier;
(ii) Rented from a Council or New Town;
(iii) Rented furnished;
(iv) Rented unfurnished from a private landlord;
(v) Not stated;
and the first four of these correspond to the first four boxes of the question. Where the fifth box was ticked and the householder answered by giving details of his tenure, the information was classified into one of these four categories. Tenure from a housing association was treated as renting unfurnished from a private landlord. Renting with a farm, shop or other business premises, and tenure by virtue of employment were both classified as renting unfurnished from a private landlord unless furnished tenure was specified when the tenure was treated as rented furnished.
Statements of ‘rent-free’ tenure from a relative, employer, previous employer, charitable organisation or from the Crown were similarly coded as rented unfurnished from a private landlord unless stated to be furnished. Leasehold tenure was counted as owner occupation if the lease was originally granted for, or since extended to, more than 21 years; otherwise it was treated as unfurnished tenancy.
The tenure of a dwelling was taken to be that of the lowest numerical code (see above list) allocated to any of the households in that dwelling.

Two-person households

The variable records the number of two-person households per 1000 private households present, it contains 3 categories, these are:

All households
1 pensionable person
2 pensionable persons

Unit

The unit of measurement for the particular count.

Usual resident population

The usual residence of enumerated persons was obtained from the answers to question B4 on the household form, or question 4 on the personal form, which asked for the usual address of persons present on census night. If this was the same as the address of enumeration, the instruction was to write ‘Here’; otherwise to give the usual address. Boarders were to be counted usually resident at the address of enumeration if they considered this was their usual address. For students and children away from home during term time the home address was to be given as their usual address. The usual address for persons for whom no answer was given, or for whom the answer was ‘None’, was taken as the place of enumeration.

Visitors present

This variable records the number of visitors present on census day per 1000 persons present. Visitors to an area are those persons enumerated in the area whose usual address lies outside the area.

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